论现代多民族国家建构中民族身份的形成
民族身份是在多民族国家建构的过程中，民族纳入国家政治组织和制度时所取得的政治地位。现代国家政治转型中民族身份的确立是形成民族概念的重要基础。一般来说，民族概念应与民族身份一致，而民族概念和民族身份应与民族的历史渊源、作为国家建构之基础的宪法，以及民族和族群政治一脉相承，这种一致性有益于国家认同与民族认同的相互和谐，从而保障多民族国家建构进程的顺利进行。文章运用政治学“历史分析”的视角，对于中国、美国、西班牙、加拿大等几个国家民族身份的形成过程进行比较分析，并进一步阐述了这一观点。
关键词：现代国家,政治过程,民族身份,民族概念,国家建构
个体空间：基于移民生活史的空间解读
本文以生活史（lifehistory）为研究方法，对三位在中国大陆和加拿大之间跨国流动的华人移民的生活经历进行了研究。研究者发现，个体空间是移民生活中一个重要的概念。结合研究对象对空间的感知、描述和诠释，本文对个体空间概念进行了分析，提出个体空间象征着移民在跨国流动中形成的微观生活状态，包含了具有自我意识的个体、空间实践和社会关系的构成。个体空间作为空间结构的最小单位，其与外在的其他空间结构共时同存，与全球化背景下的空间转向相契合，为空间研究和跨国流动研究提供了一个基于个体视角的理解框架。
关键词：个体空间,空间理论,移民,生活史
建成小康社会指标体系与民族地区发展
2020年，我国的经济社会发展目标是实现建成小康社会。国家统计局制定了“建设小康社会统计监测指标体系”和“地区发展与民生指数”，并公布了历年的相关结果。建设小康社会指标体系是为了衡量小康社会建设的进程，与小康社会目标相互对应。地区发展与民生指数则更侧重于展示不同地区的更广泛的发展领域和民生状况。本文认为，即使地区发展与民生指数已经拓展了小康建设指标的内容，更加适应当前的发展要求，但从民族地区的角度来看，依然有值得商榷和完善之处，并就此从生态环境保护、扶贫工作及效果、少数民族发展和民族关系方面进行了具体论述。
关键词：小康社会,民族地区,指标体系,发展指数
中国少数民族人口的城镇化水平及其发展趋势
本文基于2000年第五次全国人口普查和2010年第六次全国人口普查数据资料，利用空间统计分析方法，对各地区少数民族人口的城镇化水平及其发展趋势进行了分析。结果发现，少数民族人口的城镇化水平相对较低，但城镇化率年均提高1个百分点左右，已经处于城镇化快速发展的阶段。同时，本文也发现，少数民族人口的城镇化水平及其发展趋势具有显著的地区差异和空间关联性。要实现《国家新型城镇化规划（2014-2020年）》提出的城镇化率达到60%的目标，必须高速推进少数民族人口的城镇化，城镇化率须年均提高2.7个百分点，由此带来的风险需要引起有关部门的足够重视。少数民族人口城镇化的发展需要根据不同地区的实际情况制定科学合理的规划。
关键词：少数民族人口,城镇化水平,城镇化速度,空间自相关
走向“文化志”的人类学：传统“民族志”概念反思
本文通过对“民族志”这一中译名词及这一概念的理论反思，指出了“民族志”译法在学理上的不足，主张以“文化志”的译名取而代之。同时，反思了以往民族志研究方法论上的“文化”缺失，即缺乏对“文化”之“信息”本质的理解。这种缺失致使当今民族志在面对后现论的挑战中表现乏力甚至失语。本文从回归文化志，文化的真实与歧义性，互主体性与“文化的经验”三个方面展开讨论，强调了在文化认知的基础上，训练有素的人类学家通过深入的田野工作和“互经验文化志”研究，能够不断揭示和呈现人类基于“互经验”之上的“文化的真实”。
关键词：民族志,文化志,文化的真实,互主体性,文化的经验
体性民族志：基于中国传统文化语法的探索
人类学对民族志范式的求索始于学科诞生之日。民族志范式，如哲学之认识论、本体论和方法论，本为一体，难以泾渭。人类学降于西方，西方范式引领在先。以学科史上几个阶段的讨论观之，“科学/艺术”、“客观/主观”、“实证/阐释”、“客位/主位”等二元对峙的阴影一路伴随；今日“身体-介体”似有超越，值得深究。中国文化自成一体，“天地人”三才、三维、三位的形制为文化体性的根本。中国民族志“本土化”讨论已有时日，仍步“西方范式”后尘，只在“表象”上求解，未达“脉理”之本。本文从中国本位体察，以“王”、“参”、“品”为关键词，以体性之于民族志关系进行讨论。
关键词：民族志,文化体性,王,参,品
浙江景宁畲族“做老者”仪式探微
“做老者”是浙江景宁畲族丧礼中的一道仪式，也是人死后亡魂变祖先的过渡性仪式。仪式过程主要包括“请师爷”、“藏魂”、“带亡魂”、“亡魂净身”、“传转香送亡魂归祠入位”、“放魂”等。就仪式来看，“做老者”处处充斥着人魂对话，不过这种对话以人问魂答、人主魂随为主，而非真正的对话。借助“做老者”，亡魂得以归祠入位，阴阳两安。尽管从现实看来，“传转香送亡魂归祠入位”只是一种期许与想象，但人们对祖源地的想象以及“做老者”为亡魂指路，再现了民族迁徙的历史与记忆，共同构塑着这一地方畲族群体。本文对畲族“做老者”仪式进行了深入分析，就阿诺尔德·范热内普的过渡礼仪理论做了一些回应和补充。
关键词：畲族,丧礼,“做老者”仪式,过渡礼仪
亲属制度、神山与王权：吐蕃赞普神话的人类学分析
本文将吐蕃赞普的王权神话与人类学既有的神圣王权研究相比较，通过亲属制度的分析，指出恰神族与木神族的联姻关系，以及巫术王权与祭司王权的兄弟关系，是赞普神圣王权复杂内部结构的重要部分，回应了图齐的西藏神圣王权研究提出的弗雷泽式的解释，以及石泰安的葛兰言式解释。通过与巴厘王权研究的比较，本文分析了赞普的神圣性衰降的内在机制，以及赞普神话如何通过神山体系来回应等级衰落的压力。
关键词：吐蕃赞普神话,神圣王权,神山,亲属制度,等级衰降
西夏文《御驾西行烧香歌》中西行皇帝身份再考
本文在西夏文诗歌《御驾西行烧香歌》甲乙合校本的基础上，结合相关汉、藏文资料，对其中西行皇帝的身份进行了讨论。首先，本文通过对《黑水桥碑》的汉藏文本的对比分析，认为西夏诗歌所记皇帝若为仁宗，则其西行时间应在1176年以前。其次，本文将诗歌内容与藏文巴绒噶举历史文献所记录的帝师热巴的事迹加以比较，指出诗歌中西行礼佛的西夏皇帝除了可能是仁宗以外，还有可能是桓宗。
关键词：御驾西行烧香歌,黑水桥碑,夏仁宗,夏桓宗,巴绒噶举,帝师热巴
蒙元初期“汉人无统蒙古军”之制发微
“汉人无统蒙古军”之制是实行于蒙元初期的一种军事制度，该制度限制包括汉、契丹、女真等族在内的“汉人”族群不得统领蒙古军；在不同族群的军队联合作战时，“汉人”亦不得担任主将。但事实上，在一定条件下，蒙古征服者也容许“汉人”临时或较长久地统领小规模的蒙古部队，或是作为高级军政长官节制辖区内的蒙古、汉军，甚至允许“汉人”独任主将指挥蒙古、汉军进行较大规模的战役。这一状况说明，一方面征服王朝对被征服族群施行以“族群等级制”为代表的“制御之术”，另一方面，征服王朝的权力基础及其对被征服族群动员具有极大的灵活性和多样性。
关键词：族群等级制,军事制度,汉人,蒙古军
民族志理论与范式专题学术研讨会综述/刘海涛
第七届中国民族研究西南论坛：族群流动、空间重构与社会变迁学术研讨会综述/冉红芳,谭志满
文化多样性与国际和谐交流研讨会纪要/董强,杨凯
中国民族史学会第十七次学术研讨会纪要/刘正寅
纪念满都尔图先生80诞辰学术座谈会在京举行/吴刚
AStudyontheEstablishmentoftheEthnicStatusintheConstructionoftheModernMulti-EthnicNation/MaJunyi(1)
Abstract:Theethnicstatusmeansapoliticalstatusobtainedbytheethnicitywhoenterthepoliticalorganizationandsystemintheprocessoftheconstructionofthemodernmulti-ethnicnation.Theestablishmentoftheethnicstatusinthepoliticaltransformationinthemodernnationistheimportantfoundationfortheformationoftheconceptofethnicity.Generally,theconceptofethnicityshouldbeconsistentwiththeethnicstatus;atthesametime,theconceptofethnicityandtheethnicstatusshouldconformtothehistoryoftheethnicity,theconstitutionstandingforthebaseofthenation,aswellasethnicpolitics.Thisisbeneficialfortheharmonybetweennationalidentityandethnicidentity,furthermore,topromotingtheconstructionofthenation.ThepapergivesacomparativeandhistoricalanalysisanddiscussionfortheestablishmentoftheethnicstatusinChina,America,Spain,andCanadaintheviewofpolitics.
Keywords:modernnation;politicalprocess;ethnicstatus;conceptofethnicity;constructionofnation.
IndividualSpace:ASpaceStudyBasedontheLifeHistoryoftheMigration/DingYueya(13)
Abstract:ThestudytakesthreeChinesemigrantswhohadmigratedfromChinatoCanadaandthenreturnedbacktoChinaasitsresearchparticipants.Bylifehistoryresearchmethod,theirmigrationstoriesarecollectedandanalyzed.Thestudyrevealsthattheconceptof"space"isfrequentlyusedintheparticipants'narratives,withitsspecialsignificancetothemigrationlife.Basedontheparticipants'feeling,descriptionandexplanationonthespace,theconcept'scontentandstructureareanalyzedanditsmeaningstothemigrants'lifeareinterpreted.Anindividualspacetheoryisconstructedwhichshowsthatduringthetransnationaljourney,thespaceisakindofmicrolifestatuswhichisgroundedonparticipants'personalcharacteristicsandcapitals,andisreconstructedbytheirsocialpracticeswheninteractingandnegotiatingwithothersocialspaces.Thepapergivesaresearchframeworkforthespacestudyandtransnationalmobilizationintheviewoftheindividual.
Keywords:individualspace;spacetheory;migration;lifehistory.
TheIndexSystemofCompletingtheBuildingofaModeratelyProsperousSocietyinAllRespectsandtheDevelopmentofEthnicRegions/DingSai,LiuXiaomin,andLongYuanwei(25)
Abstract:TheaimofChina'seconomicandsocialdevelopmentistocompletethebuildingofamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespectsin2020.NationalBureauofStatisticshasenacted"ModeratelyProsperousSocietyStatisticalMonitoringIndexSystem"and"DevelopmentandLifeIndex",andtheresultsofthetwoindexsystemshavebeenpublishedovertheyears.ModeratelyProsperousSocietyStatisticalMonitoringIndexSystemusedtomeasuretheprocessofthebuildingofamoderatelyprosperoussocietycorrespondstotheobjectivesofmoderatelyprosperoussociety.DevelopmentandLifeIndexismorefocusedonawiderrangeofdevelopmentandpeople'swellbeingindifferentregions.Inthispaper,theauthorsarguethatDevelopmentandLifeIndexshouldbefurtherdiscussedandimprovedwithconsideringthedevelopmentofethnicregions,althoughsuchindexhasdevelopedcomparingwiththecontentsofModeratelyProsperousSocietyStatisticalMonitoringIndexSystem.TheauthorsalsodiscussindetailhowtoimproveDevelopmentandLifeIndexreferringtotheprotectionofecologicalenvironment,effectsofpovertyreduction,developmentofethnicminorityandethnicrelationinethnicregions.
Keywords:ModeratelyProsperousSociety;ethnicregion;indexsystem;developmentindex.
MinorityPopulation'sUrbanizationLevelandIt'sTrendsinChina/JiaoKaishan(36)
Abstract:BasedonthedatafromtheFifthNationalCensusin2000andtheSixthNationalCensusin2010,thispaperusesspatialstatisticstostudyminoritypopulation'surbanizationlevelanditstrends.Theresultsshowthatminoritypopulation'surbanizationlevelislow,howevertheurbanizationrateincreasesatabout1percentagepointannually.Itisself-evidentthatminoritypopulation'surbanizationisintheperiodofrapiddevelopment.Theresultsalsoshowthatthereisasignificantregionaldifferenceandspatialassociationinminoritypopulation'surbanizationlevelanditschanges.Torealizethegoalofurbanizationratewhichisreached60%putforwardbyNationalNewUrbanizationPlanning（2014-2020）,itmustpromoteminoritypopulationurbanizationatahighspeed,thatistosay,theurbanizationrateshouldincreaseatabout2.7percentagepointannually.Thismayleadtosomeriskstowhichmoreattentionsshouldbepaid.Therefore,minoritypopulation'surbanizationplanningshouldbemadescientificallyonthebasisofregionalconditions.
Keywords:minoritypopulation;urbanizationlevel;urbanizationspeed;spatialautocorrelation.
FromMinzu-ZhitoWenhua-Zhi:RethinkingtheConceptof"Ethnography"inAnthropology/ZhangXiaojunandMuhtarHapiz(49)
Abstract:ThroughthetheoreticalreflectionontheChinesetranslationoftheconcept"ethnography"(Minzu-Zhi),thispaperexaminestheinadequateunderstandingofthisconceptandsuggestsanewtranslation,namely,Wenhua-Zhi(literallycultural-graphy).Thispaperalsopointsoutthe"missingofculture"inthemethodologyofethnographicresearches.Themissingofculturemeanstheneglectofthe"informationnature"ofculture,whichleadstothediscourse-losingofthisconceptwhenfacingchallengesfrompost-modernismtheories.ThroughexploringtherethinkingofethnographyintermsofWenhua-Zhi,theauthenticityandambiguityofculture,aswellastheinter-subjectivityandculturalexperiences,thispaperemphasizestheculturalcognition,andsuggeststhatanthropologicalstudiesareabletoreveal"culturalauthenticity"throughethnography(Wenhua-Zhi)basedon"inter-subjectiveexperiences".
Keywords:Minzu-Zhi;Wenhua-Zhi;culturalauthenticity;inter-subjectivity;culturalexperience.
EthnographyofSelf-Substance:AResearchBasedontheChineseCulturalGrammar/PengZhaorong(58)
Abstract:Theexplorationoftheparadigmofethnographywasstartedfromthebeginningofanthropologyitself.Theparadigmofethnographywasaninseparablewhole,whichwassimilartothephenomenoninphilosophythatepistemology,ontologyandmethodologyareintegrated.Anthropologywasoriginatedfromthewesternworld,sowesternparadigmofethnographywasleadingtheexplorationforcenturies,accompanyingwiththedualismofscienceandart,objectiveandsubjective,experimentalandinterpreting,eticandemic,etc.Thestudyofbody-mediumseemedtogobeyondthisrestriction.Chinesecultureisaself-containedintegrity,withtherootofthreedimensions.ThelocalizationofethnographyinChinahasalonghistory,yetstillfollowsthefootstepsofwesternparadigm.ThispaperisaboutanattemptofestablishingChina'sself-substantialethnographicalmethodologyfromthestudyofthreekeywordsofWang,Can,Pin.
Keywords:ethnography;culturalself-substance;Wang;Can;Pin.
AStudyon"ZuoLaojia"RitualofShepeopleinJingningCounty,ZhejiangProvince/LanXiyu(65)
Abstract:"ZuoLaojia"(doingelders)isthelastphaseoffuneralritualsofShepeopleinJingningcountyofZhejiangprovince.It'satransitionalritualthroughwhichadeadmanisbelievedtofinishthetransformationfromaghosttoanancestor.Thewholeritualprocedureincludes"QingShiye"(invitationofthemaster),"CangHun"(hidingtheghost),"DaiWanghun"(bringingbacktheghost),"WanghunJinshen"(cleaningtheghost),-"Chuanzhuanxiang-SongwanghunGuiciruwei"(passingtheincensetoreportthereturnoftheghostandleadingitswaytotheancestralhall),"Fanghun"(releasingtheghost),etc..Theritualof"ZuoLaojia"isperformedlikeahuman-ghostdialogue,duringwhichhumanactuallyplaytheleadingroleandit'snotarealconservation.Thankstotheritual,theghostisabletostayquietlywhereitbelongsandthealiveshouldfeelgreatrelief.Inarealisticwayofview,theritualisallaboutaself-satisfiedperformance,however,itrecallsthememoryofShepeople'smigrationinhistory.SuchaperformanceispracticedtobuildupthecollectiveidentityofShepeople.Anin-depthanalysisoftheritualof"ZuoLaojia"inthispaperalsoprovidesaresponsetoVanGennep'stheoryofpassagerite.
Keywords:Shepeople;funeralritual;"ZuoLaojia"ritual;passagerite.
SystemofKinship,DivineMountains,andKingship:AnAnthropologicalAnalysisoftheMythsofTibetanBtsan-Po/ZhangYahui(77)
Abstract:ThispapercomparedthedivinekingshipmythsofTibetanbtsan-powithsomeclassicstudiesofdivinekingshipinanthropology,especiallyGeertz'sstudyofBali.Throughtheanalysisofthekinshipofthegodsinthemyths,thepaperpointedoutthatthemarriagebetweenthePhyvaFamilyanddMuFamilyaswellasthebrotherhoodbetweenthemagickingshipandpriestkingshipwerethekeystodescribeandunderstandthecomplexstructureoftheTibetkingshipbeforetheBuddhismcameintotheplateau.ThepaperalsoarguedwithTuccithataFrazianexplainationwhichfocusedonthefertilitywasnotenoughforthedetailedstudyofthemyths,sodidtheopinionofSteinwhofollowedtheapproachofGranettoemphasizetheconjugalrelationshipoftheheavenandtheearth.BythecomparisonwiththemythofBalinesekingship,thepaperdiscoveredthemechanismoftheking'sdeclinationinthehierarchy,andanalyzedhowthekingsrespondedtothiscrisisbyidentifyingwiththedivinemountains.
Keywords:mythsofTibetanbtsan-po;divinekingship;divinemountains;systemofkinship;declinationinthehierachy.
ARestudyonIdentifyingtheEmperorintheCommemorativeSongfortheEmperor'sPilgrimagetoWestWritteninTangut/SuHang(92)
Abstract:ThisarticleattemptstoshowanotherpossibilityofidentifyingtheTangutemperorwhosepilgrimagetowestwasdescribedbyaTangutritualsong.Firstly,theargumentthatthepilgrimagemusthavehappenedbefore1176AD,iftheemperorcouldbeidentifiedasRenzong,isstrengthenedbythecomparisonbetweentheChineseversionandtheTibetanversionoftheInscriptionofHeishuiBridge.Secondly,anotherTangutemperor,Huanzong,becomesthenextcandidate,sincehismeetingwithTishriralpa,thefamousTibetanblamaof'Ba'rombka'brgyud,atKamcu,isrecordedinseveralTibetanhistoricalsourcesof'Ba'rombka'brgyud.
Keywords:CommemorativeSongfortheEmperor'sPilgrimagetoWest;InscriptionofHeishuiBridge;TangutemperorRenzong;TangutemperorHuanzong;'Ba'rombka'brgyud;Tishriralpa.
TheRuleof"TheHanOfficersAreNotPermittedtoLeadMongolianTroops"intheEarlierPeriodofMongolandYuanEmpire/ZhouSicheng(98)
Abstract:"TheHanofficersarenotpermittedtoleadMongoliantroops"wasaconventionalmilitarysystemlaidbyMongolrulersintheearlierperiodofMongolandYuanEmpire,whichspecifiedthattheofficersfromtheHanethnicgroup,includingthosefromthenorthChinese,theHan,theKhitan,andtheJurchen,werenotqualifiedtoleadtroopspurelycomposedofMongols,thattheycouldnotbeappointedasthecommanderinchiefwhenethnicallydifferenttroopswereinjointoperations.Neverthelessactually,undersomeparticularconditions,whetherlongorshortterm,themembersoftheHanethnicgroupwereindeedallowedtocommandaMongoliantroop,ortheywereappointedastheofficerofthehighestrankintheirtheaterofoperationsinregulatingallrelevanttroops,orinsomerarecases,evenasthecommanderinchiefincommandingcomplexgreatcampaigns.ThisindicatednotonlythattheMongolconquerorshadtorelyonanethnicclasssystemtoruletheconquered,butalsothatthissystemwasoriginallynotdevoidofsomeflexibilityorvariability.
Keywords:ethnicclasssystem;militarysystem;Hanethnicgroup;Mongoliantroops.
ASummaryoftheConferencefortheTheoryandParadigmoftheEthnography/LiuHaitao(110)
ASummaryoftheSeventhSymposiumofChinaSouthwestForumofEthno-NationalStudy:EthnicMobilization,SpaceRestructuring,andSocialChange/RanHongfangandTanZhiman(117)
ASummaryoftheConferencefortheCulturalDiversityandInternationalHarmoniousExchange/DongQiangandYangKai(119)
ASummaryoftheSeventeenthSymposiumoftheChineseAssociationofNationalitiesHistory/LiuZhengyin(120)
ASymposiumoftheCommemorationoftheEightiethBirthdayofProfessorManduertuHeldinBeijing/WuGang(122)